Warning: How To Know That You’re Going To Have A Stroke – 10 Deadly Signs

During a stroke, every minute counts! Fast treatment can reduce the brain damage that stroke can cause.

By knowing the signs and symptoms of stroke, you can be prepared to take quick action and perhaps save a life—maybe even your own.

What is a stroke?

A stroke occurs if the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a portion of the brain is blocked. Without oxygen, brain cells start to die after a few minutes. Sudden bleeding in the brain also can cause a stroke if it damages brain cells.

If brain cells die or are damaged because of a stroke, symptoms occur in the parts of the body that these brain cells control. Examples of stroke symptoms include sudden weakness; paralysis or numbness of the face, arms, or legs (paralysis is an inability to move); trouble speaking or understanding speech; and trouble seeing.

A stroke is a serious medical condition that requires emergency care. A stroke can cause lasting brain damage, long-term disability, or even death.

The Quicker You Act, the Better

A stroke—a decrease in blood flow to the brain due to a clot or bleeding—is a medical emergency. And doctors often say "time is brain," meaning the quicker you get treatment, the less likely it is that your brain tissue will be permanently damaged. About 80% of strokes are due to a clot (ischemic strokes) and the rest are due to bleeding in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke).

"There are treatments available for stroke that need to be provided within the first 3-4 hours, such as clot-busting medications. That is why urgent attention is critical," says Seemant Chaturvedi MD, professor of neurology at Wayne State University School of Medicine. So don't waste time wondering if you should go to the hospital.

If you or someone you know has the following symptoms, call 911:

1) Dizziness or loss of balance

If you are dizzy, nauseous or have trouble walking, people may think you're intoxicated when, in fact, you're having a stroke.

Patients may confuse stroke symptoms with other conditions, says Dr. Chaturvedi, director of the Wayne State University/Detroit Medical Center Stroke Program. "Sometimes sudden dizziness is attributed to a viral syndrome when it can be the sign of a stroke," he notes.

2) Trouble seeing or blurry vision

Stroke can cause double vision, blurred vision or loss of vision in one eye. But it may not be as well recognized as facial weakness, arm weakness, and speech problems. When 1,300 people in the U.K. were asked what symptoms occur in stroke, only 44% knew vision loss is a strong indicator.

3) Difficulty speaking or confusion

When former Chicago Bears coach and Hall of Fame tight end Mike Ditka suffered what doctors told him was a "very minor stroke," one of the symptoms he experienced was difficulty speaking.

Stroke can impair the ability to express yourself or understand speech. One test: Repeat the phrase "You can't teach an old dog new tricks." Are you slurring words, using the wrong words, or are unable to speak? If any one of these occurs, there's a 72% chance you have had a stroke.

4) Weak arm or leg

When you're having a stroke, it's common for an arm or leg (or both) to suddenly go weak, numb, or to become paralyzed. Often the affected limb is on the side of the body opposite from where the stroke occurred in the brain.

Extend both arms (palms up) for 10 seconds. If one arm drifts downward, that indicates muscle weakness, a sign of stroke. Another test: With eyes open, lift each leg separately.

5) Pain

Pain is not a typical stroke symptom. But if you have sudden pain in an arm, a leg, one side of your face or chest, don't brush it off. A study found women experience non-traditional stroke symptoms 62% more often than men, and one of the most common is pain.

6) Severe headache

A sudden, severe headache, perhaps the worst you've ever had, is a common stroke symptom.

One study involving 588 patients found people who experienced headache with the onset of stroke tended to be younger and have a history of migraine. Women were more likely to have a headache with stroke than men.

Dr. Chaturvedi and colleagues found young adults with stroke symptoms, including migraine, are sometimes misdiagnosed. "If they have stroke-like symptoms, they should request a neurology consult or brain MRI in the emergency room," he said.

7) Droopy face

Sudden, one-sided facial weakness can be a sign of stroke. Emergency medical personnel will ask you to smile or show your teeth. If one side of your face sags or doesn't move, that could mean you're having a stroke.

8) Fatigue or mental changes

A recent study of gender differences in ischemic stroke, the type caused by clots, found that women having a stroke were more likely than men to experience general weakness, fatigue, disorientation, and change in mental status.

Another study found 23.2% of women reported altered mental status, compared with only 15.2% of men.

9) Hiccups

Usually, hiccups are a minor nuisance. But when stroke affects the brain's breathing center, it can trigger a sudden, protracted case of hiccups, more commonly in women.

10) Breathlessness or heart palpitations

Can't catch your breath? Feel like your heart is racing or fluttering? A study of gender differences in stroke found that women are more likely to experience these kind of symptoms.

If You Think Someone Is Having a Stroke

Acting F.A.S.T. Is Key for Stroke

According to the CDC, acting F.A.S.T. can help stroke patients get the treatments they desperately need. The most effective stroke treatments are only available if the stroke is recognized and diagnosed within 3 hours of the first symptoms. Stroke patients may not be eligible for the most effective treatments if they don't arrive at the hospital in time.

If you think someone may be having a stroke, act F.A.S.T.¹ and do the following simple test:

F—Face: Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop?
A—Arms: Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward?
S—Speech: Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase. Is their speech slurred or strange?
T—Time: If you observe any of these signs, call 9-1-1 immediately.

Note the time when any symptoms first appear. Some treatments for stroke only work if given in the first 3 hours after symptoms appear. Do not drive to the hospital or let someone else drive you. Call an ambulance so that medical personnel can begin life-saving treatment on the way to the emergency room.

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